13. law. An allusion to the argument worked out in Galatians. As against Rabbinic theory, the Law was not yet in operation.
heir of the world. Paul's interpretation of Gen. 12.3, "in thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed".

14f. void. A meaningless phrase. The idea of v.15 is expanded in 7.7f. The verse is a parenthesis.

16f. of the law, i.e. of Abraham, which he obeyed by being circumcised.
a father of many nations, i.e. the Gentiles (Gen. 17.5).
quickeneth. To prepare for the climax of the argument in v.24 (the Resurrection).
calleth, etc. Probably the meaning is "summoneth the unborn generations into existence".

18f. in hope, the divinely implanted virtue;
against hope, all reasonable human expectation. Cp. Heb. 11.11.
as good as dead. Utterly impotent.

25. delivered up, etc. An allusion to Is. 53.5. The phraseology is rhetorical and the respective effects of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection are not to be distinguished.